It could be in the form of modules that can be connected to the computer's ports (parallel, serial, USB, etc.) or cards connected to slots (S-100 bus, Apple Bus, ISA, MCA, PCI, PCI-E, etc.) in the mother board. Once digitized, the signal can be encoded to reduce and correct transmission errors.ĭAQ hardware is what usually interfaces between the signal and a PC. For transmission purposes, single ended analog signals, which are more susceptible to noise can be converted to differential signals. Various other examples of signal conditioning might be bridge completion, providing current or voltage excitation to the sensor, isolation, and linearization. The signal may need to be amplified, filtered or demodulated. Signal conditioning may be necessary if the signal from the transducer is not suitable for the DAQ hardware being used. Signals may be digital (also called logic signals sometimes) or analog depending on the transducer used. ![]() There are specific sensors for many different applications.ĭAQ systems also employ various signal conditioning techniques to adequately modify various different electrical signals into voltage that can then be digitized using an Analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ability of a data acquisition system to measure differing properties depends on having sensors that are suited to detect the various properties to be measured. The task of performing such transformations falls on devices called sensors.Ī sensor, which is a type of transducer, is a device that converts a physical property into a corresponding electrical signal (e.g., a voltage or current) or, in many cases, into a corresponding electrical characteristic (e.g., resistance or capacitance) that can easily be converted to electrical signal. Regardless of the type of physical property to be measured, the physical state that is to be measured must first be transformed into a unified form that can be sampled by a data acquisition system. Hand-held portable data collection systems permit in field data collection for up-to-date information processing.ĭata acquisition begins with the physical phenomenon or physical property to be measured.Įxamples of this include temperature, light intensity, gas pressure, fluid flow, and force. ![]() Iii) Analog-to-digital converters, which convert conditioned sensor signals to digital values.įundamental elements of data acquisition system Explanationĭata acquisition is the process of extracting, transforming, and transporting data from the source systems and external data sources to the data processing system to be displayed, analyzed, and stored.Ī data acquisition system (DAQ) typically consist of transducers for asserting and measuring electrical signals, signal conditioning logic to perform amplification, isolation, and filtering, and other hardware for receiving analog signals and providing them to a processing system, such as a personal computer.ĭata acquisition systems are used to perform a variety of functions, including laboratory research, process monitoring and control, data logging, analytical chemistry, tests and analysis of physical phenomena, and control of mechanical or electrical machinery.ĭata recorders are used in a wide variety of applications for imprinting various types of forms, and documents.ĭata collection systems or data loggers generally include memory chips or strip charts for electronic recording, probes or sensors which measure product environmental parameters and are connected to the data logger. Ii) Signal conditioning circuitry to convert sensor signals into a form that can be converted to digital values. ![]() ![]() I) Sensors that convert physical parameters to electrical signals. The components of data acquisition systems include: Data acquisition and data acquisition systems (abbreviated with the acronym DAS) typically involves the conversion of analog waveforms into digital values for processing. Data acquisition is the process of real world physical conditions and conversion of the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer.
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